CNC加工中心的刀具補償講解

CNC零件加工中心廠家的CNC加工中心在加工(gong)過(guo)程中，由于刀具的(de)形狀(zhuang)和軌跡的(de)問題，這不是問題，我們(men)可以通過(guo)補償方法來(lai)解決，常用(yong)的(de)補償方法有以下三種。

1.刀具長度補償

在CNC立式加工中心廠家的編(bian)程數據輸(shu)入中，只(zhi)能通(tong)過(guo)指定零(ling)(ling)(ling)件的加工(gong)中心來(lai)建立(li)工(gong)件編(bian)程坐(zuo)標(biao)系。該坐(zuo)標(biao)系只(zhi)是一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)件坐(zuo)標(biao)系。零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)在(zai)工(gong)件上(shang)，而CNC加工(gong)中心的長度補償(chang)僅與Z坐(zuo)標(biao)有(you)關(guan)，這與在(zai)X和Y平(ping)面上(shang)編(bian)程的零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)不(bu)同。刀具由主軸錐孔定位(wei)且不(bu)會改(gai)變(bian)，而Z坐(zuo)標(biao)的零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)是每把刀的長度都不(bu)同。

CNC加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心先(xian)鉆(zhan)一個深(shen)(shen)50毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)的(de)(de)孔，然(ran)后(hou)用250毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)鉆(zhan)頭攻(gong)深(shen)(shen)45毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)，先(xian)攻(gong)深(shen)(shen)350毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)的(de)(de)絲(si)(si)錐(zhui)，先(xian)用50毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)深(shen)(shen)鉆(zhan)頭，作為(wei)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心將工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)置零進行攻(gong)絲(si)(si)攻(gong)絲(si)(si)，如果兩把刀全部從(cong)零開始加工(gong)(gong)(gong)，攻(gong)絲(si)(si)的(de)(de)時間(jian)長(chang)(chang)于刀頭太長(chang)(chang)，損壞刀具和工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)，如果設置切削刀具補(bu)(bu)償(chang)，則補(bu)(bu)償(chang)絲(si)(si)錐(zhui)的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)和位，在加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心清(qing)零后(hou)，即使分(fen)接頭和位的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)不同，由于存在補(bu)(bu)償(chang)，也(ye)可以在工(gong)(gong)(gong)作中分(fen)接調用，零點的(de)(de)Z坐標會自(zi)動將分(fen)接頭的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)為(wei)Z +（或Z） ），確保加工(gong)(gong)(gong)零點的(de)(de)正確性。

2，刀具半徑補償

CNC龍門加工中心具(ju)(ju)(ju)有刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)半徑(jing)補償(chang)，加(jia)(jia)工程(cheng)序的(de)編寫不能考慮刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)直徑(jing)的(de)大小，刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)長度補償(chang)適用(yong)于所有刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，而刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)半徑(jing)補償(chang)一般(ban)僅(jin)用(yong)于銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)；當用(yong)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)加(jia)(jia)工的(de)工件的(de)外部或內(nei)部輪(lun)廓時(shi)，使用(yong)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)半徑(jing)補償(chang)，當用(yong)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)端(duan)加(jia)(jia)工的(de)工件的(de)端(duan)部時(shi)，僅(jin)使用(yong)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)長度補償(chang)。

數控加工中心的(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)半(ban)(ban)徑(jing)(jing)補償是很(hen)難理解和使用的(de)(de)命令，因此在編程(cheng)時(shi)不愿(yuan)使用，實際上對理解和掌握編程(cheng)和加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)使用或帶來極大的(de)(de)方(fang)便；當準備(bei)組成一個加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)人機界面的(de)(de)銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao)外觀程(cheng)序時(shi)，首先，根(gen)據(ju)工(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)大小和刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)半(ban)(ban)徑(jing)(jing)以及刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)半(ban)(ban)徑(jing)(jing)詳(xiang)細計算坐標走刀(dao)(dao)(dao)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)路線，刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)半(ban)(ban)徑(jing)(jing)是刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)半(ban)(ban)徑(jing)(jing)，當發現銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao)不適合更(geng)換為(wei)使用其他直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)后(hou)(hou)，將去重(zhong)新計算路徑(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心(xin)坐標，以便為(wei)復雜形狀重(zhong)新計算模具(ju)(ju)太困難，要(yao)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)形狀要(yao)分粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)和精加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序要(yao)在粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)完(wan)成。

粗加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后的工(gong)(gong)(gong)件外(wai)觀尺寸發生(sheng)變化(hua)，然(ran)后計算(suan)出精密加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)刀(dao)具(ju)中心坐標值的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量太大(da)；如果使用刀(dao)具(ju)半徑(jing)(jing)放到(dao)切(qie)削(xue)刀(dao)具(ju)上(shang)，可以忽略刀(dao)具(ju)半徑(jing)(jing)補(bu)償，根據(ju)尺寸編程(cheng)，然(ran)后把刀(dao)具(ju)半徑(jing)(jing)作(zuo)為半徑(jing)(jing)補(bu)償半徑(jing)(jing)補(bu)償在套準，臨時更換(huan)刀(dao)具(ju)或粗加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中，需要改變切(qie)削(xue)量刀(dao)具(ju)半徑(jing)(jing)補(bu)償值可以控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)件形狀尺寸的大(da)小(xiao)，修(xiu)改程(cheng)序不作(zuo)為基本點(dian)。

3.夾具補償

加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心夾(jia)具(ju)的(de)偏(pian)移(yi)量可以(yi)(yi)使(shi)用(yong)而(er)不是考(kao)慮工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)夾(jia)具(ju)的(de)偏(pian)移(yi)量的(de)位(wei)置(zhi)，當CNC加工(gong)(gong)(gong)小(xiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)中(zhong)心時，夾(jia)具(ju)可以(yi)(yi)保持少數工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)，而(er)在(zai)編程時無(wu)需考(kao)慮每個工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)零(ling)(ling)點坐標，只需編程，對各(ge)個零(ling)(ling)點進行編程，以(yi)(yi)使(shi)用(yong)夾(jia)具(ju)偏(pian)移(yi)量在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)零(ling)(ling)點上移(yi)動每個編程點；夾(jia)具(ju)補償可以(yi)(yi)通過夾(jia)具(ju)補償指令G54?G59來執行，也可以(yi)(yi)使(shi)用(yong)指令G92來設置(zhi)坐標系。一(yi)(yi)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)完成后，使(shi)用(yong)G92處理下一(yi)(yi)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)，以(yi)(yi)重置(zhi)新的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)坐標系。