CNC加工中心的工藝特點

1．適合于加工周期性復合投產的零件有些產品的市場需求具有周期性和季節性，如果采用專門生產線則得不償失，用普通設備加工效率又太低，質量不穩定，數量也難以保證。而采用加工中心部件試切完后，程序和相關生產信息可保留下來，下次產品再生產時只要很的準備時間就可開始生產。cnc加工中心怎么樣？

2．適合CNC加工中心較有(you)效、高精度(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)有(you)些零(ling)件(jian)需求甚少，但屬關鍵部件(jian)，要(yao)求精度(du)高且(qie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期短。用傳統工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)需用多(duo)臺機(ji)床協(xie)調工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，周期長、效率低，在長工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)流(liu)程中，受人為影(ying)響易出(chu)廢(fei)品，從而(er)造成重大(da)經濟(ji)損(sun)失。，而(er)采(cai)用加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中心進行加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，生產完全由程序(xu)自動控制，避免了(le)長工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)程，減少了(le)硬件(jian)投資和人為干擾，具有(you)生產效益高及(ji)質量(liang)穩定的優(you)點(dian)。

3．適(shi)合具有合適(shi)批量(liang)的工件

加工中(zhong)心生(sheng)產(chan)的柔性不(bu)僅(jin)體現(xian)在(zai)對特(te)殊要求的快速(su)反應土，而(er)且(qie)可以快速(su)實現(xian)批(pi)(pi)量生(sheng)產(chan)，擁(yong)有并提高(gao)市場(chang)競爭能力。加工中(zhong)心適(shi)合(he)于中(zhong)小批(pi)(pi)量生(sheng)產(chan)，特(te)別是小批(pi)(pi)量生(sheng)產(chan)，在(zai)應用加工中(zhong)心時，盡量使批(pi)(pi)量大于經濟(ji)批(pi)(pi)量，以達到良好的經濟(ji)效(xiao)果。隨著(zhu)加工中(zhong)心及輔具的不(bu)斷發展，經濟(ji)批(pi)(pi)量越來(lai)越小，對一些復雜(za)零件，5-10件就可生(sheng)產(chan)，甚至單件生(sheng)產(chan)時也可考(kao)慮用加工中(zhong)心。

4．適(shi)合(he)于加工形(xing)狀復雜的零(ling)件

四軸聯動(dong)、五(wu)軸聯動(dong)加工(gong)(gong)中心(xin)的應(ying)用以(yi)及CAD／CAM技術(shu)的成熟發展，使加工(gong)(gong)零件(jian)的復(fu)(fu)雜程度大幅提高。DNC的使用使同一(yi)程序的加工(gong)(gong)內容足以(yi)滿足各(ge)種加工(gong)(gong)要求(qiu)，使復(fu)(fu)雜零件(jian)的自動(dong)加工(gong)(gong)變得非常容易。

5．其它特點

cnc加工中心廠家的(de)加工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)還適(shi)合于加工(gong)多工(gong)位和工(gong)序集中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)工(gong)件、；難測量工(gong)件。另外，裝夾困難或(huo)完全由找(zhao)正定位來保證加工(gong)精度的(de)工(gong)件不適(shi)合在加工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)上生產。

加工(gong)(gong)中心的(de)加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝特點

與普通機床加工相比，加工中心具有(you)許(xu)多顯著的工藝特點(dian)。

⑴工藝范圍寬，能加工復雜曲面

與數(shu)控(kong)銑床(chuang)一(yi)樣，加工(gong)中(zhong)心也能實現(xian)多坐標軸聯動而容易實現(xian)許(xu)多普通機床(chuang)難以完成或無法(fa)加工(gong)的(de)空(kong)間曲線(xian)、曲面的(de)加工(gong)，大(da)大(da)增加了機床(chuang)的(de)工(gong)藝范圍。

⑵具有高度柔性，便于研制、開發新產品

所謂柔性(xing)即(ji)(ji)“靈活”、“可(ke)變(bian)”，是相對“剛性(xing)”而言(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。過去，許多(duo)企(qi)業采用(yong)組(zu)合(he)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)、專用(yong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)進(jin)行較(jiao)有(you)效、自動(dong)化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，但這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)組(zu)合(he)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)、專用(yong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)是專門針(zhen)對某種零件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)某道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序而設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，適用(yong)于產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)批(pi)量(liang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，無法適應多(duo)品(pin)種、小批(pi)量(liang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。現在(zai)，即(ji)(ji)便是大(da)(da)批(pi)量(liang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，品(pin)種多(duo)年一(yi)(yi)成不變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史也已一(yi)(yi)去不復返，一(yi)(yi)旦品(pin)種發(fa)生(sheng)變(bian)化，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)組(zu)合(he)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)、專用(yong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)基本就無法繼續使用(yong)，組(zu)合(he)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)、專用(yong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)越(yue)來越(yue)少(shao)，正在(zai)被(bei)數控設備(bei)所取(qu)代(dai)。一(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)仿形加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)能加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)較(jiao)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)，但產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)變(bian)型(xing)后(hou)，須重新(xin)設計(ji)和制(zhi)造凸輪、靠模(mo)、樣板或(huo)鉆(zhan)孔模(mo)等(deng)，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)準備(bei)周期較(jiao)長。而加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中心當(dang)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對象改(gai)變(bian)后(hou)，只需變(bian)換加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序、調整刀具(ju)參數等(deng)即(ji)(ji)可(ke)進(jin)行新(xin)零件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)準備(bei)周期大(da)(da)大(da)(da)縮短，給新(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)制(zhi)開發(fa)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)進(jin)、改(gai)型(xing)提(ti)供了捷徑。同(tong)時，由于加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中心具(ju)有(you)自動(dong)換刀功能，在(zai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)各種不同(tong)種類的(de)(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)、各種各樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面方面比數控銑床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)更有(you)優勢。

⑶加工精(jing)度高，表面質量(liang)好(hao)

加工(gong)的(de)零(ling)件一(yi)致性好，質(zhi)量穩定，加工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)脈(mo)沖當量一(yi)般為lμm，高(gao)(gao)精度(du)(du)的(de)加工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)可達。1μm其運(yun)動分辨率遠高(gao)(gao)于普通機床。加工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)多采用(yong)半(ban)閉環甚(shen)至(zhi)全閉環的(de)位(wei)置補償功(gong)能，有較高(gao)(gao)的(de)定位(wei)精度(du)(du)和重復定位(wei)精度(du)(du)，在加工(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)產生(sheng)的(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)誤差能及(ji)時得(de)到補償，能獲得(de)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)精度(du)(du)；加工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)采用(yong)插補原理確定加工(gong)軌跡(ji)，加工(gong)的(de)零(ling)件形狀精度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)；在加工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)上加工(gong)，工(gong)序高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)集中(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)次裝夾即(ji)可加工(gong)出零(ling)件上大部分表面，精度(du)(du)要求(qiu)高(gao)(gao)、表面質(zhi)量要求(qiu)好的(de)零(ling)件宜選(xuan)用(yong)加工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)加工(gong)。

另外，加工(gong)中心的(de)(de)整個(ge)加工(gong)過程(cheng)由程(cheng)序自動控制，不受(shou)操作者人為(wei)因(yin)素的(de)(de)影(ying)響，同(tong)時，沒有凸輪、靠模等硬件，省去了制造和使用中磨損等所造成的(de)(de)的(de)(de)誤差，加上機(ji)床的(de)(de)位置補償功能、較高(gao)的(de)(de)定位精(jing)度(du)和重復定位精(jing)度(du)，加工(gong)出的(de)(de)零件尺寸一致性好。這對于批量和大量生產特別有利(li)。

⑷生產率高

零(ling)件的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間包括(kuo)機動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間和輔(fu)助時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心能(neng)有效(xiao)地(di)減少(shao)(shao)這(zhe)兩(liang)部分時(shi)(shi)(shi)間。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心剛(gang)度大(da)、功率大(da)，主軸轉速(su)和進給速(su)度范圍大(da)且為無級變速(su)，所(suo)以每道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)都可選擇較大(da)而合理的(de)切(qie)削(xue)用(yong)量，減少(shao)(shao)了機動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)在(zai)一次(ci)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)夾(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)出很多待加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)部位，省去了通用(yong)機床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)原(yuan)有的(de)不少(shao)(shao)中(zhong)(zhong)間工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)（如劃線、檢驗等）。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心具有自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)變速(su)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)換刀和其他輔(fu)助操作自(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)等功能(neng)，使輔(fu)助時(shi)(shi)(shi)間大(da)為縮(suo)短(duan)。所(suo)以，它(ta)比普通機床(chuang)的(de)生產(chan)效(xiao)率高3～4倍(bei)(bei)甚至更高，對復雜型面(mian)零(ling)件的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，其生產(chan)效(xiao)率可提高十(shi)(shi)幾倍(bei)(bei)甚至幾十(shi)(shi)倍(bei)(bei)。此(ci)外，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)出的(de)零(ling)件也為后續(xu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)（如裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配等）帶來了許多方便，其綜合效(xiao)率更高。

⑸減(jian)輕了工人的體(ti)力勞動強(qiang)度

一(yi)般情況下，操作者只要在機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)旁邊觀(guan)察和監(jian)督機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)運行(xing)情況，此外(wai)再做一(yi)些(xie)裝卸零件及更(geng)換刀(dao)具的(de)工(gong)(gong)作。當然，加工(gong)(gong)中心操作者的(de)腦力勞動強度相應增大(da)，要處理許多在普通(tong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)(gong)時(shi)很少見的(de)數(shu)學問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)、數(shu)控(kong)加工(gong)(gong)程序問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)、微電子(zi)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)、信息問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)、自動控(kong)制技術(shu)應用(yong)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)等。